The governance of Olympic legacy: process,actors and mechanisms

The purpose of this research was to examine the governance system used to monitor and manage the legacy accrued as a result of bidding for and subsequently hosting the Olympic Games (OG). More specifically, this study aimed to (a) examine the legacy governance process from the bid phase to post-Games, and (b) to identify the governance controls (e.g. actors and mechanisms) that impacted the governance system responsible for legacy at the OG. Two cases within a multiple holistic case study design (i.e. the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games and the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games) were built using a combination of archival material and interviews. Findings highlighted four governance phases specific to OG legacy: conceptualisation, planning and implementation, transfer/transformation and post-Games governance. Two legacy-related governance controls emerged: actors (e.g. government, sport organisations) and mechanisms (e.g. laws, contracts, policy).     

不确定环境下集群企业合作创新的模式选择

合作创新是集群企业良性发展的有效模式,本文借鉴生态学相关理论刻画集群企业生存环境的不确定性,并基于比较制度经济学,探讨不确定环境下集群企业互补式、嵌入式和捆绑式不同合作创新模式的选择,从而为集群企业的合作创新研究提供新的分析视角。     

Did PCAOB rules on ethics,independence, and tax services influence financial reporting for income taxes?

The PCAOB Rules on Ethics, Independence, and Tax Services prohibited accounting firms from providing aggressive tax-position transactions to their audit clients. We exploit this setting to examine whether the scrutiny of the PCAOB affects companies’ financial reporting for income tax accounts. We find robust evidence that the overall quality of the income tax accrual increased after companies significantly reduced auditor-provided tax service (APTS) fees in response to the regulation. We show that this improvement is a function of companies’ pre-regulation tax aggressiveness. In addition, we find evidence that after the fee reductions, tax-aggressive companies increased financial statement reserves for uncertain income tax positions without changing tax-aggressive decisions. Overall, our findings are consistent with an improvement in the financial reporting for income taxes under regulatory scrutiny which is more pronounced for companies that were tax aggressive in the pre-regulation period.     

Consumer response to uncertain promotions: An empirical analysis of conditional rebates

We formulate, estimate, and analyze a model of consumer response to promotions where consumers' receipt of the promotional reward is uncertain. The model incorporates consumers' risk aversion and their subjective assessment of the probability that they will get the reward. It is used to assess the effectiveness of a “conditional rebate”, where the uncertainty arises because the reward is contingent on an external event, versus a traditional rebate, which is similar in all respects except that it is certain. We estimate the model using a conjoint choice experiment. Response to conditional rebates is highly segmented and related to perceived thinking costs and savings and entertainment benefits of conditional rebates as well as to event involvement and gambling proneness. In our application, conditional rebates are more cost effective than certain rebates, mostly because consumers' subjective probability of the event occurring is higher than what market wisdom suggests.     

Single-case technique for teaching the tax research process

This article describes an instructional technique using a single current tax case to demonstrate the many facets of tax research methodology. The technique is just one resource used for teaching the graduate tax research course, and provides for a richer contextual environment in which to learn the tax research process. Using a single case based on actual events, the many sources of statutory and judicial tax authority were incrementally evaluated to solve the tax problem, and integrally analysed for the final conclusions. In addition, the case centred on a very public and political tax issue, which generated increased interest among students and illustrated the political process associated with tax law development. Application of the technique for desired learning outcomes and assessment objectives are also discussed.     

A multistage stochastic programming model for the New Zealand dairy industry

This paper presents an application of multistage stochastic programming to a production planning problem for Fonterra, a leading company in the New Zealand dairy industry, taking into account uncertain milk supply, price–demand curves and contracting. We describe a model for Fonterra's supply chain, and a model for uncertain milk supply. We then present a multistage stochastic quadratic programming model and a decomposition algorithm to compute an optimal sales policy, which is tested in simulation against a deterministic policy.     

Risk management in liner ship fleet deployment: A joint chance constrained programming model

This paper provides a tangible methodology to deal with the liner ship fleet deployment problem aiming at minimizing the total cost while maintaining a service level under uncertain container demand. The problem is first formulated as a joint chance constrained programming model, and the sample average approximation method and mixed-integer programming are used to deal with it. Finally, a numerical example of a liner shipping network is carried out to verify the applicability of the proposed model and solution algorithm. It is found that the service level has significant effect on the total cost.     

Wealth transfers and the role of collateral when lifetimes are uncertain

We develop a general equilibrium model of wealth transfers in the presence of uncertain lifetimes and default. Without introducing exogenous debt constraints, agents are allowed to make collateral-backed promises at any state of their life span.     

环境群体性事件的发生、成因及其治理研究

环境群体性事件的频繁爆发已经成为我国社会转型过程中所面临的突出问题.从环境污染到群体性事件爆发是一个涉及政府、民众及企业等多方主体动态博弈的过程.论文通过对环境群体性事件诸多环节的分析,描述了环境群体性事件从矛盾积累、矛盾激化,再到冲突爆发的一般过程,分析了环境群体性事件演进过程背后利益失衡、政府不当行为、制度缺失等诸多因素.治理环境群体性事件,需要从理念、制度,以及操作措施上下大功夫.     

网络时代财务报告模式的创新

网络时代的到来使得现行财务报告模式的局限性越来越突出,影响到会计信息的质量,而网络技术和信息技术的不断进步为财务报告模式的创新提供了物质基础,互动式按需报告模式将会成为未来报告模式的发展方向。